Uchanganuzi wa Aina za Mandhari Kifinominolojia katika Riwaya ya Nguu za Jadi

Abstract

Swahili

Lengo la makala hii ni kubainisha aina za mandhari katika Nguu za Jadi (Momanyi, 2021). Tatizo la utafiti lilitokana na ukosefu wa tafiti zilizotumia nadharia ya finominolojia kuchunguza mandhari katika fasihi ya Kiswahili. Tafiti zilizotangulia ziliangazia mandhari kama mazingira ya kijamii na kihistoria pekee, bila kuzingatia tajriba ya ndani ya wahusika kwa mtazamo wa kifinominolojia. Uchambuzi huu uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Finominolojia, iliyoasisiwa na Husserl (1970) na kuendelezwa na Heidegger (1962), Merleau-Ponty (2012) na Sartre (2003), kisha kupanuliwa na Van-Manen (2017) na Zahavi (2019). Finominolojia ni mwelekeo wa kifalsafa unaozingatia namna binadamu wanavyoishi na kupokea tajriba zao bila upendeleo wa awali. Utafiti ulitumia muundo wa kimaelezo, ambapo Nguu za Jadi iliteuliwa kimaksudi kwa upekee wake katika kusawiri changamoto za kijamii. Data zilikusanywa kupitia usomaji wa kina na kudondoa hoja muhimu zinazohusiana na malengo ya utafiti. Matokeo yalibainisha kuwa mandhari katika Nguu za Jadi yanajitokeza kwa aina tatu kuu: mandhari ya kimahali, mandhari ya kiwakati na mandhari ya kihali. Mandhari haya huchangia katika kujenga wahusika na kufanikisha uwasilishaji wa ujumbe wa kijamii, kisiasa na kitamaduni. Kwa jumla, utafiti huu umeonyesha nafasi ya mandhari katika kuakisi maisha ya Kiafrika na kusisitiza umuhimu wa mtazamo wa kifinominolojia katika fasihi. Matokeo yake yanatoa mwongozo wa kitaaluma kwa waandishi, watafiti na wabunifu wa mitaala.

English

The purpose of this article is to identify the types of settings in Nguu za Jadi (Momanyi, 2021). The research problem arose from the lack of studies that apply phenomenological theory to examine the setting in Kiswahili literature. Previous studies mainly focused on the setting as a social and historical environment, without considering the inner experiences of characters from a phenomenological perspective. This analysis was guided by Phenomenological Theory, founded by Husserl(1970)  and further developed by Heidegger (1962), Merleau-Ponty (2012) , and Sartre(2003), and later expanded by Van Manen (2017) and Zahavi (2019). Phenomenology is a philosophical approach that emphasises how human beings live and experience their world without preconceived biases. The study employed a descriptive design, with Nguu za Jadi deliberately selected for its uniqueness in portraying social challenges. Data were collected through close reading and extraction of key ideas relevant to the research objectives. The findings revealed that the settings in Nguu za Jadi emerge in three main forms: spatial setting, temporal setting, and situational setting. These settings contribute to character development and enhance the delivery of social, political, and cultural messages. Overall, the study demonstrates the role of setting in reflecting African life and underscores the importance of a phenomenological perspective in literature. Its outcomes provide academic guidance to authors, researchers, and curriculum developers.

Keywords: Conflict, experience, novel, phenomenology, setting