Matumizi ya Umajazi wa Kitashtiti katika Usawiri wa Wahusika na Maudhui: Mfano wa Riwaya ya Utengano

Abstract

Kiswahili

Utafiti huu ulilenga kuhakiki matumizi ya mbinu ya umajazi wa kitashtiti katika kuwasawiri wahusika na kuyaendeleza maudhui katika riwaya ya Utengano (Said Ahmed Mohamed). Umajazi ni mbinu muhimu katika utunzi wa kifasihi. Madhumuni ya utafiti yalikuwa kuhakiki namna mbinu ya umajazi wa kitashtiti umetumiwa kuifumba maana maalum katika riwaya teule. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia ya Umuundo. Umuundo unaeleza lugha kama kiungo kamili kinachojisimamia. Lugha ni mfumo wa uhusiano kati ya viungo kadhaa vinavyoijenga. Mathalan maana kamili ya sentensi hutokana na kuunganishwa na kuambatanishwa kwa viungo mbalimbali kama vile nomino, vivumishi, vitenzi na vielezi. Matumizi ya Umuundo katika uhakiki wa fasihi hutuelekeza kuitazama fasihi kama mfumo ambao unajumlisha vipengele kama: fani na maudhui ambavyo huchangia ukamilifu wake. Vipengele hivi huchangiana na kukamilishana katika kazi ya fasihi kama vile riwaya. Ukusanyaji wa data ulifanyika maktabani. Riwaya teule na makala zinazohusiana na mada zilisomwa. Data zilidondolewa, zikachujwa, zikachunguzwa na kisha zikachanganuliwa kwa kutumia utokezi katika riwaya na kupambanua majina ya majazi ya kitashtiti na kuwekwa katika majedwali. Pia, ilibainika kwamba kando na maudhui yanayotokea katika umajazi wa jina na wahusika vile vile wanayakuza maudhui mengine nje ya umajazi wa majina yao. Aidha, utafiti uligundua kwamba mbinu ya umajazi wa kitashtiti una mchango mkubwa katika kuwasawiri wahusika,  na kuyakuza maudhui katika riwaya ya Utengano. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yatawasaidia wahakiki wa fasihi, waandishi, walimu na wanafunzi wa Kiswahili katika shule za upili na hata vyuo kuhakiki matumizi ya majina ya umajazi katika kazi za fasihi kama vile tamthilia, hadithi fupi na riwaya.

English
This study analysed the use of ironical names as techniques of depicting characters and developing themes in Utengano (Said Ahmed Mohamed's ) Kiswahili novel. The objective was to evaluate how ironical names have been used to conceal specific meanings in the novel. This study was guided by Structuralist theory. Structuralists view language as an independent structure. It is governed by its rules and principles. Language is a system which consists of elements that are interrelated. For example, the real meaning of a sentence emanates from a combination of its constituent elements such as nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs. Structuralists like Scholes posit that it is important to use structuralism to analyse literary works because language and literature are related. The use of structuralism enables us to look at a literary work as a system with interrelated elements like form and themes, which make it complete. Data collection was done in the library. The selected novel and related literature were read with an aim of analysing the use of names. Data was extracted, categorised and analysed. It was established that the use of the ironic names technique is useful in portraying characters and developing themes in a selected novel. The findings of this research will benefit literary critics, authors, teachers and Kiswahili students in Secondary and even Universities in analysing the use of allegorical and ironical names in literary work like plays, short stories and novels. The researcher recommends further research to be done on the use of ironical names as techniques of depicting characters and developing themes in other genres of literature like Short Stories, Poems, Plays, Novellas and Oral literature or in other different Kiswahili novels.

Keywords: Characters, ironical names, novel,  struturalism, themes