Assessment of Entry-Level Nurse Training Adequacy for Preparing Nurses for Leadership Roles: Perspectives from Nurse Managers in Kenya

Abstract

This study assessed perceptions about the adequacy of entry-level nurse training in preparing Mid-Level Nurse Managers (MLNMs) for leadership roles in Kenya's South Rift and South Nyanza regions. Nurses' roles are determined by their education and licensure; therefore, upon completing their training, nurses should be equipped for leadership. However, many nurse managers feel inadequately prepared for their responsibilities. To evaluate nurses’ readiness for these roles, a mixed-methods study was conducted in nine hospitals. Multi-level and purposive sampling identified 68 MLNMs and 7 Nursing Directors. Data collection involved self-administered questionnaires, Focus Group Discussions, and Key Informant Interviews. Quantitative data was examined by descriptive statistics, while qualitative data was analysed thematically. Most respondents felt only moderately prepared for leadership roles: 57 per cent were somewhat satisfied, 41 per cent satisfied, and 2 per cent dissatisfied. Training emphasised theory (65% lectures) with a one-month practicum. Bachelor's programs scored highest for leadership preparation (M = 4.26), followed by higher diploma (M = 4.06) and basic diploma (M = 4.03). There is a considerable gap between the intended purpose of nursing practicum assessments and their effectiveness, with many respondents noting inadequacies. The study concluded that entry-level nurse training alone is insufficient due to its emphasis on theory, shift in assessment focus, and limited time for clinical experience in leadership and management. It recommends that nursing training institutions reevaluate their training methods, particularly in terms of the focus of clinical assessments and the assessment processes. These findings offer valuable insights for enhancing nurse leadership training and improving healthcare service delivery in Kenya.