Utambulishaji wa mada za kigaidi katika diskosi ya ugaidi katika magazeti teule ya Kenya na ya kimataifa

Abstract

SWAHILI

Utafiti huu ulilenga kutambua mada mbalimbali zilizojitokeza katika mashambulizi ya kigaidi na kuripotiwa na wanahabari wa Kenya na wa Kimataifa katika mashambulizi ya kigaidi nchini Kenya kati ya mwaka wa 2013- 2015. Sababu kuu ya kuteua kipindi hiki ni kutokana mashambulizi makuu nchini Kenya yaliyosababishwa na kundi la Al-Shabaab dhidi ya serikali ya Kenya. Mashambulizi mawili makuu yaliyotekelezwa nchini Kenya yalikuwa ni ya Westgate mjini Nairobi na katika Chuo Kikuu cha Garissa. Ili kupata data ya uchanganuzi kuhusu mada za kigaidi, magazeti mawili makuu nchini Kenya yaliteuliwa ambayo ni Daily Nation na The Standard. Gazeti la New York Times liliteuliwa kutokana na mkabala wa jukwaa la kimataifa. Jumla ya magazeti 145 yalikusanywa na nakala 102 kuteuliwa. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia ya Ubishi iliyojikita katika nadharia ya Pragmadeiletiki ya mhakiki ubishi Houtlousser na Frans Van Eemeren. Uchanganuzi huu wa ubishi ulipitia vitengo vya kipragmatiki. Mada za kidiskosi zilihusu, ufisadi, utetezi wa haki za kibinadamu, umoja na utangamano, umwagikaji wa damu, athari za matokeo ya vita, ulipizaji kisasi, uzalendo, nafasi ya vijana katika jamii na usalama. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yalibainisha ya kuwa kulikuwepo na tofauti za kimkabala kati ya kundi la kigaidi dhidi ya serikali ya Kenya. Ilipendekezwa kuwa mada za kigaidi katika eneo la kimataifa kama vile mashambulizi ya ugaidi kati ya Waisraeli na vita vya Gaza zinastahili kutiliwa maanani katika tafiti zijazo kwa kuwa matokeo yake yangeliweza kuwa mchango mkubwa katika kuendeleza utafiti wa diskosi za kisiasa.

Maneno muhimu: Kimataifa, mada, magazeti, siasa, ugaidi.

ENGLISH

This study was used to explore terrorism discourse on text by analyzing the language use and how meanings were constructed in the context of soci-political and historical backgrounds of the discourse. Kenya is one of the many countries in the world that have been affected by heinous acts of terrorism and violence. These acts have resulted into a terrorism discourse between the Kenyan government perspective and the terrorist group perspective based on ideology. The focus was on the two major terrorist attacks in Kenya, the Westgate attack in Nairobi (2013) and the Garissa University attack (2015). Ideological approaches that were used during terrorism and covered by the the Daily Nation and The Standard. The New York Times newspaper was chosen owing to its global platform and perspective. The target population comprised a collection of 145 newspapers based on terrorism topics from 102 articles extracted from the front pages, editorial reports, topics and headings, commentaries and themes on terrorism discourse. This study was based on a Discourse Houtlousser (1999) model on Pragmadialectic theory was applied as a model for explaining the pragmatic angle in defining all argumentative functions such as Speech Acts in a contextual disagreement. The analysis was based on a descriptive approach. Findings revealed that discourse topics, language strategies and ideologies were used during terrorism invasion through the use of argumentative strategy and perceptions.It was recommended that more research should be done on international wars like Gaza and Israel.

Keywords: international, headlines, newspapers, politics, terrorism.