Examination of Livelihoods Vulnerability among the Samburu Nomadic Pastoralist Community in Samburu County, Kenya

Abstract

This study examined the livelihood vulnerability among the Samburu nomadic pastoral community in Samburu County, Kenya. Livelihood insecurity remains a pressing challenge in Africa, with over 85 per cent of people lacking stable means of sustenance. In Kenya, Samburu County stands out, with approximately 76 per cent of the population living below the poverty line, and widespread food insecurity and child malnutrition. The study sought to probe the indicators, categories, risk factors, manifestations, and causes of vulnerability among the Samburu nomadic pastoralists. Using a qualitative research approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 elderly participants aged between 60 and 79 years, selected through purposive sampling due to their cultural knowledge and life experiences. Data were analysed thematically and presented through narrative summaries and direct quotations. The findings reveal several signs of vulnerability, including physical weakness, hunger, displacement, and identity crises. Vulnerable groups include orphaned children, expectant and nursing mothers, the elderly, persons with disabilities, widows, and individuals with no livestock or social support. Key risk factors identified include old age, childlessness, and social exclusion due to perceived illegitimacy or taboo actions. Vulnerability manifests through hunger, poor health, marginalisation, and economic oppression. Causes are multifaceted, encompassing man-made factors such as cattle rustling and irresponsible resource management; natural factors like droughts and floods; and economic challenges stemming from the shift towards a cash economy. The study recommends urgent government intervention to reduce livelihood vulnerability by promoting diversification of livelihood sources. Further research is suggested to explore sustainable, culturally appropriate livelihood options that blend traditional and modern practices for enhanced community livelihood resilience.