User-Centred Design in Adaptive Clothing: Effects of the Design Process on Satisfaction, Functionality, and Comfort Among Persons with Mobility Challenges in Nyeri County, Kenya

Abstract

This study examines how user-centred design processes influence the usability, functionality, and comfort of adaptive clothing among persons with mobility challenges in Nyeri County, Kenya. Globally, approximately 1.3 billion people (16% of the population) live with disabilities (WHO, 2023), while in Kenya mobility impairments are the most prevalent, with estimates ranging between 2.2 per cent and 4.6 per cent (KNBS, 2019). A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used with 100 participants to assess the effect of participatory design on measurable user outcomes. The findings revealed strong positive correlations between the design process and usability (r = .79), functionality (r = .74), and comfort (r = .77). Regression analysis showed that the design process accounted for 67 per cent of the variance in these outcomes (R² = .67, p < .001). The results indicate that iterative user feedback and ergonomic adjustments significantly enhance garment performance and user independence. The study provides empirical support for inclusive design approaches that promote dignity, autonomy, and satisfaction among persons with disabilities.